Course Outcomes
- Familiarize students with computer fundamentals.
- Enhance skills in commonly used software.
- Understand different Operating systems.
- Apply Word Processing tools effectively.
Units
Unit I: Introduction to Computers
Topics Covered:
- Definition of computer
- Characteristics of computers
- Computer generations & evolution of computers
- Von Neumann Architecture
- Classification of Computers
- Instruction Execution Cycle
- Basic Components of a computer system:
- Control Unit
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
- I/O Devices
- Distributed Computer System
- Parallel Computers
- Computer organization & block diagram representation
- Storage devices and Memory and its types
- Types of Software:
- System software
- Application software
- Utility Software
- Demoware
- Shareware
- Freeware
- Firmware
- Free Software
- Computer Language and Software:
- Algorithm
- Flowcharts
- Machine Language
- Assembly Language
- High Level Language
- Assembler
- Compiler
- Interpreter
- Characteristics of Good Language
- Characteristics of Computers: - Speed: Computers can process data much faster than humans. - Accuracy: They perform calculations with a high degree of precision. - Automation: Computers can execute tasks automatically without human intervention. - Storage: They can store vast amounts of data efficiently. - Versatility: Can perform various types of tasks, from calculations to multimedia processing.
- Computer Generations: Computers have evolved through several generations, each characterized by significant technological advancements. - First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum tubes. - Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors. - Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated circuits. - Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors. - Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial intelligence.
- Von Neumann Architecture: This architecture describes a system where a single memory space holds both data and instructions. The key components include: - Control Unit - Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - Memory - Input/Output devices.
- Classification of Computers: Computers can be classified based on size, purpose, and functionality. Types include: - Personal Computers (PCs) - Workstations - Servers - Mainframes - Supercomputers.
- Basic Components of a Computer System: - Control Unit: Directs the operation of the processor. - ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logical operations. - I/O Devices: Allow users to interact with the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
- Storage Devices: - Memory Types: - RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage used for data that is actively being used. - ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent storage for system firmware. - Secondary Storage: Includes hard drives and SSDs, used for long-term data storage.
- Types of Software: - System Software: Manages hardware and software resources (e.g., Operating Systems). - Application Software: Performs specific tasks for users (e.g., word processors). - Utility Software: Helps in system maintenance (e.g., antivirus programs).
- Computer Languages: - Algorithm: Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. - Flowcharts: Visual representation of algorithms. - Programming Languages: Different levels including Machine, Assembly, and High-Level Languages (like Python, Java).
- Characteristics of Good Language: A good programming language should be clear, easy to learn, versatile, efficient, and portable. - Definition of Operating System: An OS is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
- Functions of Operating Systems: - Process management - Memory management - File system management - Device management - Security and access control.
- Concepts: - Multiprogramming: Running multiple programs simultaneously. - Multitasking: Allowing multiple tasks to run at the same time. - Multithreading: Allowing multiple threads of a program to run concurrently. - Multiprocessing: Using multiple CPUs to process tasks. - Time-sharing: Sharing system resources among multiple users. - Real-time Systems: Systems that respond immediately to input.
- Computer Virus: A virus is malicious software that replicates itself and spreads to other systems. Types include: - Worms - Trojans - Ransomware.
- Disk Operating System (DOS): - Introduction: An early operating system for PCs. - Basic DOS Commands: Commands like DIR, COPY, DEL to manage files.
- Windows: A widely used graphical operating system known for its user-friendly interface. Key features include: - File Explorer - Taskbar - Start Menu.
Unit II: Overview of Operating Systems
Topics Covered:
- Definition of operating system
- Functions of operating systems
- Concepts:
- Multiprogramming
- Multitasking
- Multithreading
- Multiprocessing
- Time-sharing
- Real-time systems
- Single-user & multi-user operating systems
- Computer Virus:
- Definition
- Types of viruses
- Characteristics of viruses
- Anti-virus software
- Disk Operating System (DOS):
- Introduction, History & Versions of DOS
- DOS basics
- Physical structure of disk
- Drive name
- FAT (File Allocation Table)
- File & directory structure and naming rules
- Booting process
- DOS system files
- Basic DOS Commands
- Windows:
- Features of Windows
- My Computer
- Windows Explorer
- Accessories
- Managing multiple windows
- Arranging icons on the desktop
- Creating and managing folders
- Managing files and drives
- Logging off and shutting down Windows
- Entertainment (CD Player, DVD Player, Media Player, Sound Recorder, Volume Control)
- Definition of Operating System: An OS is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
- Functions of Operating Systems:
- Process management
- Memory management
- File system management
- Device management
- Security and access control.
- Concepts:
- Multiprogramming: Running multiple programs simultaneously.
- Multitasking: Allowing multiple tasks to run at the same time.
- Multithreading: Allowing multiple threads of a program to run concurrently.
- Multiprocessing: Using multiple CPUs to process tasks.
- Time-sharing: Sharing system resources among multiple users.
- Real-time Systems: Systems that respond immediately to input.
- Computer Virus: A virus is malicious software that replicates itself and spreads to other systems. Types include:
- Worms
- Trojans
- Ransomware.
- Disk Operating System (DOS):
- Introduction: An early operating system for PCs.
- Basic DOS Commands: Commands like DIR, COPY, DEL to manage files.
- Windows: A widely used graphical operating system known for its user-friendly interface. Key features include:
- File Explorer
- Taskbar
- Start Menu.
Unit III: PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Topics Covered:
- Opening the PC and identification
- Study of different blocks
- Assembling and disassembling
- Basic Device Configuration and Installation:
- Printers
- Microphone
- Monitor
- Motherboard
- Sound Card
- Video Card
- Tips on Troubleshooting
- Introduction to Computer Hardware:
- Components of Motherboards & its types
- Ports
- Slots
- Connectors
- Add-on cards
- Power supply units
- Cabinet types
- Storage Devices:
- Primary & Secondary storage mediums
- Internet:
- Definition
- World Wide Web
- Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- Web Browsers
- IP Address
- Domain Name
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
- Internet Security
- Search Engines
- Net Etiquette
- Internet Services
- Intranet
- Extranet
- E-mail:
- Advantages and disadvantages of Email
- Format of email addresses
- Influences or impacts of internet on society, education, research, etc.
- Cybercrimes:
- Hacker
- Cracker
Topics Covered:
- Opening the PC and Identification: Understanding the physical components of a computer, including how to safely open it.
- Assembling and Disassembling: Procedures for putting together or taking apart computer components.
- Basic Device Configuration: Installation and configuration of hardware like printers and monitors.
- Tips on Troubleshooting: Common issues and solutions, including checking connections, rebooting, and using diagnostic tools.
- Introduction to Computer Hardware: Overview of components such as motherboards, power supplies, and storage devices.
- Storage Devices: Types of storage including:
- HDDs (Hard Disk Drives)
- SSDs (Solid State Drives)
- USB Flash Drives.
- Internet:
- Definition: A global network connecting millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks.
- Components: IP Address, Domain Name, Web Browsers.
- E-mail: Communication method using the internet, with advantages like instant delivery and disadvantages like spam.
- Cybercrimes: Illegal activities conducted online, including hacking, identity theft, and scams.
Unit IV: Word Processing
Topics Covered:
- **Introduction to Word Processing:** The use of software to create, edit, and format text documents.
- **Commonly Used Word Processing Software:** Examples include Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and LibreOffice Writer.
- **Features of Word Processing:**
- Document creation and formatting: Ability to create and modify text documents.
- Standard Toolbar: A set of tools for quick access to common functions.
- Drawing Toolbar: Tools for creating shapes and illustrations within documents.
- Working with Tables: Creating and formatting tables to organize data.
- **Mail Merge:** A feature that allows the creation of personalized documents for mass distribution.
- **Spell Check:** Automatically checks for spelling errors in documents.
- **Thesaurus:** A tool to find synonyms and antonyms for words.
- **Find & Replace:** A function to search for specific text and replace it with another.
- **Inserting Header, Footer, Page Number & Pictures:** Adding consistent information at the top/bottom of each page.
- **Working with Tables:** Creating and managing tables for structured data presentation.
Topics Covered:
- **Introduction to Word Processing:**
Word processing refers to the use of software applications to create, edit, format, and print text documents. These applications allow users to easily manipulate text, making it possible to produce professional-looking documents quickly and efficiently.
- **Commonly Used Word Processing Software:**
Examples of popular word processing software include:
- **Microsoft Word:** A widely used program known for its extensive features and capabilities.
- **Google Docs:** A cloud-based application that allows for collaborative editing in real time.
- **LibreOffice Writer:** A free and open-source alternative that provides many features found in paid software.
- **Features of Word Processing:**
- **Document Creation and Formatting:**
This feature allows users to create new documents and format them with different fonts, sizes, colors, and styles. Users can also insert lists, headers, footers, and page numbers.
- **Standard Toolbar:**
The standard toolbar provides quick access to commonly used functions such as saving, printing, and formatting text.
- **Drawing Toolbar:**
This includes tools for creating shapes, lines, and illustrations directly within the document, enhancing visual appeal.
- **Working with Tables:**
Users can create tables to organize data into rows and columns. Tables can be formatted for better readability, allowing for clear data presentation.
- **Mail Merge:**
This feature helps users create personalized documents (like letters or labels) for mass distribution by merging a template with a data source (e.g., a list of addresses).
- **Spell Check:**
An automatic tool that checks the document for spelling errors, highlighting mistakes for easy correction.
- **Thesaurus:**
A built-in tool that provides synonyms and antonyms for words, helping to enhance vocabulary and avoid repetition.
- **Find & Replace:**
A function that allows users to search for specific text and replace it with another term throughout the document.
- **Inserting Header, Footer, Page Number & Pictures:**
Users can insert consistent information (like titles, dates, and images) at the top or bottom of each page to maintain a professional layout.
Unit V: Introduction to Spreadsheet (Excel)
Topics Covered:
- **Definition and Advantages of Electronic Worksheet:** An electronic spreadsheet allows for organizing, analyzing, and storing data in a tabular format, making calculations and data management easier.
- **Working on Spreadsheets:**
- **Cell Referencing:** Refers to identifying a cell in a spreadsheet by its column and row coordinates (e.g., A1, B2).
- **Range & Related Operations:** Operations performed on a selected group of cells (range).
- **Setting, Saving, and Retrieving Worksheet Files:** How to save your work and access it later.
- **General Shortcut Commands:** Keyboard shortcuts for efficiency (e.g., Ctrl+C to copy).
- **Entering Text and Numeric Data:** Inputting various types of data into the spreadsheet.
- **Entering Date and Time:** Formatting and inputting date and time values.
- **Different Functions:** Built-in functions for calculations, such as SUM, AVERAGE, etc.
- **Formatting Text and Numeric Data:** Adjusting the appearance of text and numbers for clarity.
- **Functions and Other Features:** Understanding and utilizing various built-in functions for calculations and data manipulation.
- **Passwords and Protecting a Worksheet:** Securing your spreadsheet with passwords.
- **Printing the Worksheet:** Setting up print options for hard copies.
- **Page Margin Setting and Adding Header and Footer:** Configuring margins and adding consistent header/footer information.
- **Transferring Data to and from Non-Worksheet Files:** Importing and exporting data to other formats.
- **Database Handling:** Managing and organizing data efficiently within the spreadsheet.
- **Creating, Naming & Executing Macros:** Automating repetitive tasks by recording and executing macros.
- **Creating Graphs:** Visual representation of data through charts and graphs.
Topics Covered:
- **Definition and Advantages of Electronic Worksheet:**
An electronic worksheet (spreadsheet) allows for the organization, analysis, and storage of data in a tabular format, simplifying calculations and data management. This digital format provides benefits like easy data manipulation, automatic calculations, and the ability to create charts and graphs.
- **Working on Spreadsheets:**
- **Cell Referencing:**
Each cell in a spreadsheet is identified by a unique address combining its column letter and row number (e.g., A1 refers to the cell in column A, row 1).
- **Range & Related Operations:**
A range is a selection of multiple cells. Operations can be performed on this selection, such as summing values or applying formatting.
- **Setting, Saving, and Retrieving Worksheet Files:**
Users learn how to save their spreadsheets in different formats (like .xlsx) and retrieve them later for editing or printing.
- **General Shortcut Commands:**
Keyboard shortcuts streamline workflow by allowing users to perform tasks quickly (e.g., Ctrl+C to copy, Ctrl+V to paste).
- **Entering Text and Numeric Data:**
Users can input various data types, including numbers, dates, and text, into spreadsheet cells.
- **Entering Date and Time:**
Formatting options allow users to enter dates and times in different styles for clarity and accuracy.
- **Different Functions:**
Spreadsheets include built-in functions for calculations, such as:
- **SUM:** Adds a range of numbers.
- **AVERAGE:** Calculates the mean of a set of values.
- **Formatting Text and Numeric Data:**
Users can format cells to improve readability by changing font styles, sizes, and colors or applying number formats (e.g., currency).
- **Functions and Other Features:**
Users can create complex formulas using multiple functions, automate calculations, and analyze data.
- **Passwords and Protecting a Worksheet:**
Users can secure their spreadsheets by adding passwords, preventing unauthorized access.
- **Printing the Worksheet:**
Users learn how to set print areas, adjust page layout, and print their spreadsheets efficiently.
- **Page Margin Setting and Adding Header and Footer:**
Configuring margins and adding headers and footers ensures printed documents are well-formatted.
- **Transferring Data to and from Non-Worksheet Files:**
Users can import data from other applications or export their spreadsheet data for use elsewhere.
- **Database Handling:**
Spreadsheets can be used for basic database functions, such as sorting, filtering, and searching for data.
- **Creating, Naming & Executing Macros:**
Macros allow users to automate repetitive tasks, saving time and effort in managing data.
- **Creating Graphs:**
Users can visualize data through charts and graphs, aiding in data analysis and presentation.
